What Banking Banks On
Wednesday, 9/20/2023 09:10
Q and A for the money system...
HUMAN BEINGS are suckers for a narrative,
writes Tim Price of Price Value Partners.
The narrative peddled by mainstream economic commentators goes that after the failure of Lehman Brothers back in 2008, the US Federal Reserve and its international cousins acted 'boldly' to prevent a second Great Depression by stepping in to support the banks (and not coincidentally the government bond markets) by printing trillions of Dollars of ex nihilo money which, through the mechanism of quantitative easing, would mysteriously reflate the economy.
It's a story alright, but more akin to a fairy story. We favour an alternative narrative, namely that with politicians abdicating all real responsibility in addressing the ongoing financial and economic crisis, the heavy lifting has been left to central bankers.
They long ago ran out of conventional policy options and are now stoking the fire for the next financial crisis by attempting to 'manage' prices throughout the financial system, notably in property markets, but having a grave impact on volatility across credit markets, government bond markets, equities, currencies, commodities.
The longstanding slow bleed of credibility away from the petro-Dollar, post-Russian sanctions, only adds an extra frisson of angst and geopolitical urgency. As politicians might have told the central bankers, it's quite easy to be brave when you're spending other people's money.
Before we get back to the Fed, it's worth a minute recapping why it was created, namely as a private banking cartel with a monopoly over the country's financial resources and the facility to shift losses when they occur to the taxpayers.
Satire goes a long way here (not least because the reality is so depressing) – here is Punch's take on the banks from April 1957 (cited in G.Edward Griffin's history of the Fed, 'The Creature From Jekyll Island'):
Q: What are banks for?
A: To make money.
Q: For the customers?
A: For the banks.
Q: Why doesn't bank advertising mention this?
A: It wouldn't be in good taste. But it is mentioned by implication in references to reserves of $249,000,000 or thereabouts. That is the money they have made.
Q: Out of the customers?
A: I suppose so.
Q: They also mention Assets of $500,000,000 or thereabouts. Have they made that too?
A: Not exactly. That is the money they use to make money.
Q: I see. And they keep it in a safe somewhere?
A: Not at all. They lend it to customers.
Q: Then they haven't got it?
A: No.
Q: Then how is it Assets?
A: They maintain that it would be if they got it back.
Q: But they must have some money in a safe somewhere?
A: Yes, usually $500,000,000 or thereabouts. This is called Liabilities.
Q: But if they've got it, how can they be liable for it?
A: Because it isn't theirs.
Q: Then why do they have it?
A: It has been lent to them by customers.
Q: You mean customers lend banks money?
A: In effect. They put money into their accounts, so it is really lent to the banks.
Q: And what do the banks do with it?
A: Lend it to other customers.
Q: But you said that money they lent to other people was Assets?
A: Yes.
Q: Then Assets and Liabilities must be the same thing.
A: You can't really say that.
Q: But you've just said it. If I put $100 into my account the bank is liable to have to pay it back, so it's Liabilities. But they go and lend it to someone else, and he is liable to pay it back, so it's Assets. It's the same $100, isn't it?
A: Yes, but...
Q: Then it cancels out. It means, doesn't it, that banks don't really have any money at all?
A: Theoretically...
Q: Never mind theoretically. And if they haven't any money, where do they get their Reserves of $249,000,000 or thereabouts?
A: I told you. That is the money they've made.
Q: How?
A: Well, when they lend your $100 to someone they charge him interest.
Q: How much?
A: It depends on the Bank rate. Say five and a half percent. That's their profit.
Q: Why isn't it my profit? Isn't it my money?
A: It's the theory of banking practice that...
Q: When I lend them my $100 why don't I charge them interest?
A: You do.
Q: You don't say. How much?
A: It depends on the Bank rate. Say half a percent.
Q: Grasping of me, rather?
A: But that's only if you're not going to draw the money out again.
Q: But of course I'm going to draw it out again. If I hadn't wanted to draw it out again I could have buried it in the garden, couldn't I?
A: They wouldn't like you to draw it out again.
Q: Why not? If I keep it there you say it's a Liability. Wouldn't they be glad if I reduced their Liabilities by removing it?
A: No. Because if you remove it they can't lend it to anyone else.
Q: But if I wanted to remove it they'd have to let me?
A: Certainly.
Q: But suppose they've already lent it to another customer?
A: Then they'll let you have someone else's money.
Q: But suppose he wants his too...and they've let me have it?
A: You're being purposely obtuse.
Q: I think I'm being acute. What if everyone wanted their money at once?
A: It's the theory of banking practice that they never would.
Q: So what banks bank on is not having to meet their commitments?
A: I wouldn't say that.
Q: Naturally. Well, if there's nothing else you think you can tell me..
A: Quite so. Now you can go off and open a banking account.
Q: Just one last question.
A: Of course.
Q: Wouldn't I do better to go off and open up a bank?
If only. In defending an insolvent banking system, central banks have now created a more absurd situation than Punch could ever have dreamed of.
In the midst of an ongoing (though barely reported) banking crisis, as depositors we all now have 100% counterparty and credit risk and, notwithstanding recent rate hikes that threaten to break the real estate markets, an annual return that is likely to remain negative in real terms given stickily high inflation.
Is it any wonder the UK savings rate is not higher? Is it any wonder that savers are still stampeding into risk assets like the so-called FAANGS?
But the likes of the Fed have muddied the pond further by attempting a policy of "forward guidance" that is little more than a sick joke. The Fed will soon, like the Bank of Japan, lose control of the bond market. As Swiss investor Marc Faber puts it,
"The question is when will it lose control of the stock market."
For as long as we can remember we have been warning of the dangers of central banks becoming increasingly interventionist in the capital markets. We are old school free-market libertarians: if bankers make bad decisions, let their banks fail.
This is essentially the same perspective taken by Michael Lewis, when interviewed some years back in Bloomberg Businessweek. On the fifth anniversary of its bankruptcy, Lewis was asked whether he thought Lehman Brothers had been unfairly singled out when it was allowed to fail (given that every other investment bank was quickly rescued, courtesy of the US taxpayer). His response:
"Lehman Brothers was the only one that experienced justice. They should've all been left to the mercy of the marketplace. I don't feel, oh, how sad that Lehman went down. I feel, how sad that Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley didn't follow. I would've liked to have seen the crisis play itself out more. The problem is, we would've all paid the price. It's a close call, but I think the long-term effects would've been better."
But that is not what happened. We didn't get runs on investment banks. We got bank bailouts, taxpayer rescues, QE1, QE2, QE3 and then QE-Infinity. Recent and inconsistent QT (quantitative tightening, aka rate hikes) may yet bring the entire Potemkin economic edifice down. The impact on the real economy and especially SMEs has been questionable, to say the least. But the impact on financial markets has been demonstrably beneficial to favoured investment banks and to their largest clients.
The Fed didn't act bravely in 2008, they bottled it. They had the opportunity to start, ever so gently, to reverse a policy of monstrous intervention in the capital markets, and they blew it. That makes it all the more dangerous for them to aggressively "taper" now.
When do capital markets free themselves from the baleful manipulation of the state? Marc Faber:
"The endgame is a total collapse, but from a higher diving board. The Fed will continue to print and if the stock market goes down 10% they will print even more. And they don't know anything else to do. And quite frankly, they have boxed themselves into a corner where they are now kind of desperate."
The Fed may be desperate, but we're not. We have our client assets carefully corralled into three separate and distinct asset classes.
Defensive equities give us some skin in the game given central bank bubble-blowing in the stock market – but this game ends in tears.
Uncorrelated, systematic trend-followers give us a "market neutral" way of prospectively benefiting from any disorderly market panic.
And real assets, notably the monetary metals, give us some major skin in the game in the event of a genuine inflationary (and / or currency-related) disaster – which now seems like a non-trivial risk.
Since pretty much all of these assets can be marked to market on a daily basis, they are of course not free of volatility, but we are more concerned with avoiding the risk of permanent loss of capital, Argentinian bank-style. We have, in other words, Fed-proofed our portfolios to the best of our ability.
And on the topic of gold alone, Marc Faber again:
"I always buy gold and I own gold. I don't even value it. I regard it as an insurance policy. I think responsible citizens should own gold, period."
2023 was always going to be a defining year. Not necessarily with regard to making money, but to avoid losing lots of it, and permanently.
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